N 

70 


Series  IX. 


BULLETIN 


!  ) 


0 


i  ■ 


OF  THE 

University  of  Notre  Dame 


NOTRE  DAME,  INDIANA 


SCHOOL  OF  JOURNALISM 


PUBLISHED  QUARTERLY  AT  NOTRE  DAME 


THE  UNIVERSITY  PRESS 
JULY.  J9I3 


Entered  at  the  Postoffice,  Notre  Dame,  Indiana,  as  second-class  matter,  July  J  7,  J  905 


DIRECTORY  OF  THE  UNIVERSITY 


The  FACULTY— Address: 

THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  NOTRE  DAME, 

NOTRE  DAME,  INDIANA. 


The  STUDENTS— Address: 

As  for  the  Faculty,  except  that  the  name  of  the 
Haee  in  which  the  student  lives  should  be  added. 

A  Postoffice,  a  Telegraph  Office,  a  Long  Distance  Tel¬ 
ephone,  and  an  Express  Office  are  at  the  University. 

The  University  is  two  miles  from  the  city  of  South 
Bend,  Indiana,  and  about  eighty  miles  east  of  Chicago. 
The  Lake  Shore  and  Michigan  Southern,  the  Grand 
Trunk,  the  Vandalia,  the  Indiana,  Illinois  &  Iowa,  the 
Chicago  and  Indiana  Southern,  and  the  Michigan  Cen¬ 
tral  railways  run  directly  into  South  Bend.  A  trolley 
line  runs  cars  from  South  Bend  to  the  University  every 
fifteen  minutes. 

The  Latitude  of  the  University  is  41  degrees,  43 
minutes,  and  12.7  seconds  North,  and  86  degrees^ 
14  minutes  and  19.3  seconds  West  of  Greenwich. 

The  elevation  is  about  750  feet  above  the  sea. 

From  this  it  is  clear  that  the  location  is  favorable 
for  a  healthful  climate  where  students  may  engage  in 
vigorous  mental  work  without  too  great  fatigue  or 
danger  to  health. 


NOTE. 


The  addresses  appearing  in  this  hulleiin  were 
delivered  at  the  first  annual  banquet  of  the  Notre  Dame 
School  of  Journalism,  at  the  Oliver  Hotel,  South  Bend, 
Ind.,  June  lo,  1913.  The  reader  will  note,  in  these  speeches, 
several  references  to  President  Cavanaugh' s  address,  which, 
though  a  valuable  one,  was  not  committed  to  writing  and 
is  therefore  not  available  for  publication. 


i 


The  Journalist  and  Ideals. 

By  R.  M.  Hutchinson. 
Associate  Editor  of  the  South  Bend  Tribune. 


IT  seems  to  me  this  gathering  of  the  first  class  in 
journalism  in  Notre  Dame  university  is  an  occasion 
of  mutual  congratulation.  I  think  you  young  men  are 
to  be  congratulated  because  by  matriculatiing  in  this 
course  in  journalism  you  have  indicated  you  are  am¬ 
bitious  to  be  moulders  of  the  thoughts  of  your  fellow 
men;  you  are  desirous  of  being  leaders  of  men  in  the 
field  of  thought  and  daily  endeavor.  You  have  indicated 
your  present  intention  at  least  of  following  newspaper 
work  as  a  profession.  You  have  shown  that  you  are 
not  afraid  of  the  terrific  strain  it  will  put  upon  you; 
its  long,  wearisome  grind  and  inadequate  remuneration 
have  not  deterred  you.  You  are  to  be  congratulated 
that  you  are  not  looking  for  “flowery  beds  of  ease’" 
but  places  of  ceaseless  labor  where  you  may  do  good 
for  your  fellow  man. 

Then  it  is  a  matter  of  congratulation  to  the  newspaper 
fraternity  that  you  twenty  young  men  have  the  desire 
and  intention  of  joining  its  ranks.  With  these  qualifica¬ 
tions  which  you  have  shown  your  acquisition  to  the 
fourth  estate  can  not  but  improve  its  personnel.  There 
is  yet  another  reason  why  the  newspaper  fraternity 
is  to  be  congratulated. 

Father  Cavanaugh,  when  he  spoke  to  you  a  short 
while  ago,  referred  to  the  ideals  which  have  been  im¬ 
pressed  upon  you  here  in  this  institution.  I  tell  you. 


6 


BULI.ETIN  OF  THE 


young  men,  the  newspaper  fraternity  needs  and  welcomes 
young  men  who  have  high  ideals  of  right  and  wrong; 
men  who  appreciate  and  understand  the  '‘eternal 
verities'"  of  life.  When  political  and  economic  and 
social  problems  are  studied  by  men  who  have  had 
inculcated  in  their  minds  and  souls,  during  their  most 
plastic  period,  such  truths  as  I  know  have  been  impressed 
upon  you  at  Notre  Dame,  the  chance  that  these  problems 
will  be  solved  aright  and  for  the  greatest  good  to 
humanity  is  thereby  greatly  increased. 

You  will  find  these  ideals  worth  cherishing,  as  Father 
Cavanaugh  has  admonished  you.  You  will  find  them 
of  incalculable  value  to  you  when  you  plunge  into 
actual  newspaper  work  and  the  danger  of  lapsing  into 
skepticism  comes.  For  this  danger  will  come.  Of  it 
T.  DeWitt  Talmage  said: 

“  One  of  the  greatest  trials  of  the  newspaper  profession 
is  that  its  members  are  compelled  to  see  more  of  the 
shams  of  the  world  than  any  other  profession.  Through 
the  newspaper  office,  day  after  day  comes  all  the  wicked¬ 
ness  of  the  world ;  all  the  vanities  that  want  to  be  repaid ; 
all  the  mistakes  that  want  to  be  corrected;  all  the 
speakers  who  want  to  be  thought  eloquent;  all  the 
meanness  that  wants  to  get  its  wares  noticed  gratis 
in  the  editorial  columns  to  escape  the  tax  of  the  advertis¬ 
ing  columns;  all  the  men  who  want  to  be  set  right  who 
never  were  right;  all  the  crack-brained  philosophers 
with  their  stories  as  long  as  their  hair  and  as  gloomy 
as  their  finger  nails  in  mourning  because  bereft  of  soap; — 
all  the  bores  who  come  to  stay  five  minutes  and  talk 
five  hours. 

‘‘Through  the  editorial  and  reportorial  rooms  all  the 
follies  and  shams  of  the  world  are  seen  day  after  day, 
and  the  temptation  is  to  believe  neither  God,  man  nor 
woman.  It  is  no  surprise  to  me  that  in  this  profession 


UNIVERSITY  OF  NOTRE  DAME 


7 


there  are  some  skeptical  men;  I  only  wonder  that 
journalists  believe  anything/' 

These  men  who  have  spent  years  in  the  business 
will  join  me  in  saying  to  you  that  that  is  a  pretty  good 
pen  picture  of  the  experiences  which  are  in  store  for 
you.  And  I  say  it  is  a  matter  of  congratulation  to  the 
profession  that  you  who  are  coming  to  it  have  been  well 
grounded  in  good  and  holy  things;  well  founded  in 
general  knowledge. 

In  closing  I  want  to  leave  with  you  a  motto  for  a 
newspaper.  It  is  that  set  up  by  the  late  Joseph  Pulitzer 
when  he  founded  the  New  York  World.  It  is  a  high  ideal; 
not  always  approximated  but  worthy  of  selection  as  a 
pole  star  for  would-be  journalists.  This  motto  holds 
that  a  newspaper  should  be: 

An  institution  that  should  always  fight  for  progress 
and  reform,  never  tolerate  injustice  or  corruption,  always 
fight  demagogues  of  all  parties,  never  belong  to  any  party, 
always  oppose  privileged  classes  and  public  plunderers, 
never  lack  sympathy  with  the  poor,  always  remain  devoted 
to  the  public  welfare,  never  be  satisfied  with  merely  printing 
news,  always  be  drastically  independent,  never  be  afraid 
to  attack  wrong,  whether  by  predatory  plutocracy  or  preda¬ 
tory  poverty. 


8 


BUIvIvHTIN  of  the 


The  Old  Journalism  and  the  New. 


By  a.  C.  Kbifbr. 

Editor  of  the  Terre  Haute  Tribune, 


OU  are  now  at  the  end  of  the  first  year  of  your 


four  3^ear  term  in  Journalism  and  have  learned 


^  quite  a  little  in  a  general  way  regarding  the 
necessary  requirements  of  an  efficient  newspaper  man, 
but  as  long  as  you  live  you  will  never  catch  up  with 
the  advancement  made  by  our  leading  newspapers. 
Every  day  you  live  after  you  have  been  graduated  and 
advanced  to  the  highest  position  in  a  newspaper  office 
you  will  learn  of  something  new,  so  do  not  cherish  the 
idea  that  when  you  have  finished  your  course  here 
you  are  competent  to  start  at  the  top.  You  will  find 
that  your  newspaper  education  will  come  by  starting 
at  the  beginning  in  a  lowly  position  and  working  your 
own  way  through  the  different  departments  so  that 
when  you  are  promoted  to  the  head  of  a  department 
and  then  to  the  position  of  publisher  of  a  paper  you 
will  be  in  a  position  to  know  what  you  are  doing  when 
you  give  out  your  instructions. 

Over  thirty  years  ago  the  newspaper  I  started  with 
organized  a  company  with  $10,000  capital.  They 
installed  a  Hoe  four  cylinder  press  that  printed  one  side 
of  the  paper  at  a  time.  The  forms  containing  the  type 
were  hoisted  hand  over  hand  and  clamped  on  the  press. 
The  paper  was  fed  in  single  sheets  by  young  men. 
We  would  print  the  inside  in  the  forenoon  and  in  the 


UNIVERSITY  OF  NOTRE  DAME 


9 


afternoon  print  the  different  completed  editions.  It 
was  necessary  for  some  one  to  take  the  papers  from  the 
fly  and  keep  them  straightened  out,  all  laid  the  same 
way  on  one  large  pile.  This  is  where  I  came  in  and  where 
I  started  on  my  thirty  years’  journey  through  the 
newspaper  held.  We  had  no  folder  so  the  four  page, 
six  column  paper  was  handed  over  to  the  carriers 
and  nevrsboys  to  do  their  own  folding,  and  the  packages 
for  nearby  towns  were  wrapped  unfolded,  labeled, 
and  placed  in  a  large  push-cart  with  myself  at  the  pro¬ 
pelling  end,  headed  for  the  depot.  In  those  days  our 
bundles  to  agents  in  outside  towns  were  carried  in  the 
baggage  car  and  the  compensation  was  a  few  extra 
copies  of  the  paper  for  the  baggageman. 

When  I  was  not  busy  straightening  out  papers  or 
furnishing  motive  power  for  the  push-cart,  I  would 
be  Ailing  in  as  feeder  on  the  press,  washing  the  windows, 
or  labelling  single  wrappers  with  a  Dick’s  mailer.  F'or 
this  light  work  I  was  allowed  to  depart  each  Saturday 
night  with  three  dollars  of  the  company’s  money. 

All  of  the  newsboys  and  carriers  came  to  the  office 
direct  for  their  papers  and  paid  cash  for  them.  The 
company  received  its  full  fifty  cents  per  hundred  for 
all  papers  sold  in  the  office  each  night.  This  system 
required  no  bookkeeping.  .We  paid  seven  cents  per 
pound  for  white  paper  and  set  type  by  hand.  The 
paper  I  refer  to  was  one  of  the  first  one  cent  papers 
in  the  country  and  today  has  over  160,000  daily  circu¬ 
lation  with  net  earnings  in  excess  of  $300,000  yearly, 
and  worth  $2,000,000. 

This  plant  today  sets  its  type  by  typesetting  machines, 
stereotypes  all  of  its  forms  and  uses  five  large  perfecting 
presses,  printing  and  folding  180,000  sixteen-page 
papers  per  hour.  One  of  the  big  tasks  confronting  the 
publisher  today  is  the  making  of  new  contracts  with 


lO 


bulletin  oe  the 


the  different  unions  connected  with  the  business. 
They  are  usually  long  drawn  out  affairs  and  take  up 
considerable  time.  As  soon  as  you  settle  with  the 
printers,  the  contract  with  the  pressmen  has  expired. 
Then  the  stereotypers,  mailers,  engravers  and  so  forth 
are  to  be  dealt  with.  Not  long  ago  I  was  one  of  four 
publishers  who  met  with  the  mailers’  union  for  con¬ 
sideration  of  a  new  scale.  One  of  their  propositions  was 
that  we  order  that  the  high  school  boys  who  worked 
after  school  tieing  up  the  bundles  be  discharged  from  that 
duty  and  union  mailers  substituted.  Likewise  there  was 
a  demand  for  a  big  increase  in  pay  and  so  forth.  This 
session  was  unusually  prolonged  and  we  could  not 
get  together,  due  mostly  to  the  strong  protest  I  was 
making.  The  mailers  finally  sent  for  one  of  their  national 
officers  and  he  met  with  us.  At  the  outset  he  remon¬ 
strated  vigorously,  demanding  to  know  why  I  objected 
to  allowing  the  men  to  earn  a  living  wage.  I  waited 
patiently  until  he  had  finished.  I  first  agreed  with  every¬ 
thing  he  said  relative  to  the  wages  his  men  should  be 
earning  and  went  further  by  stating  that  they  were 
such  an  intelligent  set  of  men  that  I  knew  they  could 
earn  even  more  money  if  given  the  opportunity.  But 
when  they  asked  us  to  pay  them  a  man’s  wages  to  do 
a  boy’s  work  the  trouble  was  with  their  occupation. 
I  proved  to  them  that  their  trade  could  be  learned  in 
a  week’s  time  by  a  schoolboy  and  that  for  three  dollars 
per  week  I  had  done  what  they  were  asking  eighteen 
dollars  for.  The  result  was  a  good  contract  for  the 
publishers. 

The  public  never  kills  a  newspaper.  The  unsuccessful 
newspaper  is  killed  in  its  own  office.  One  of  my  large 
experiences  along  these  lines  happened  a  little  over  a 
year  ago.  A  publisher  called  me  to  a  distant  city  and 
set  forth  how  he  had  prepared  a  statement  for  the  mil- 


UNIVERSITY  OR  NOTRE  DAME 


ir 


lionaire  owner  that  another  two  hundred  thousand  or 
three  hundred  thousand  dollars  would  place  the  paper 
within  its  income.  He  purchased  the  paper  for  one 
hundred  and  fifty  thousand  dollars,  making  a  small 
profit,  and  had  two  hundred  and  fifty  thousand  dollars 
more  in  the  paper  when  the  statement  was  furnished 
him  showing  a  deficit  of  one  hundred  thousand  dollars 
yearly.  The  statement  made  him  very  sick.  The 
atmosphere  in  the  region  of  his  feet  became  icy  cold, 
and  climbed  clear  up  to  his  pocketbook,  and  froze  it 
up  completely.  The  management  was  immediately 
notified  that  the  checks  to  cover  the  weekly  deficit 
would  no  longer  continue  and  that  the  paper  must  be 
sold  or  a  receiver  appointed.  There  were  only  sufficient 
funds  on  hand  to  meet  about  two  more  pay  rolls  when 
it  would  be  all  over.  I  had  previously  advised  the  young 
publisher  that  he  was  making  a  mistake  in  his  man¬ 
agement,  but  with  his  three  years'  experience  on  a  small 
daily  he  knew  differently  and  refused  to  consider  my 
advice  to  operate  the  property  within  its  income  and 
then  build,  as  he  was  trying  to  force  the  paper  too 
fast  and  was  not  even  spending  his  money  in  a  di¬ 
rection  that  would  bring  him  any  return.  The  result 
of  our  conference  was  a  visit  to  the  owner.  The  outcome 
was  that  I  took  charge  of  the  paper  that  very  morning. 
It  was  three  a.m.,  when  I  agreed  to  show  him  what  could 
be  done.  I  arrived  at  the  office  about  ten  a.m.,  and 
called  for  the  books.  I  looked  over  the  earnings  and 
found  them  to  be  about  six  thousand  dollars  per  week. 
I  then  ascertained  the  expenses  and  discovered  that 
eight  thousand  dollars  per  week  was  required  to  earn 
six  thousand  dollars. 

The  dilemma  of  the  paper  reminded  me  of  the  sworn 
testimony  of  a  switchman  at  the  trial  of  the  Ravenna 
wreck.  The  attorney  asked  Pat  to  make  a  statement: 


12 


BUIvIvBTIN  of  the 


“Weir'  says  Pat,  “I  was  standing  right  here  looking 
down  the  track  this  way  when  I  saw  a  train  coming 
helly-te-hoot.  I  turned  around  and  saw  another  train 
coming  this  way  helly-te-hoot  on  the  same  track." 

“Sez  I  to  myself,  Pat  this  is  a  diwle  of  a  way  to 
railroad." 

My  next  move  was  to  discharge  the  young  manager 
and  two  of  the  editors  before  calling  in  the  heads  of  all  of 
the  departments.  I  took  them  all  into  my  confidence 
and  advised  them  of  the  situation.  Further  I  requested 
an  immediate  statement  of  what  it  was  costing  each 
department  and  what  each  could  do  in  cutting  expenses 
without  reducing  the  efficiency  or  merit  of  the  paper 
or  the  revenues.  I  ordered  the  paper  cut  from  twelve 
to  ten  pages  and  figured  out  the  amount  each  department 
should  cost.  This  figure  was  given  to  the  different 
managers  to  spend  as  they  saw  fit.  The  press  room 
was  composed  of  all  union  men  and  when  the  pressman 
was  ordered  to  cut  from  two  hundred  and  fifty-eight 
dollars  per  week  to  one  hundred  and  fifteen  dollars 
you  can  imagine  his  interview  with  me  along  the  line 
of  “impossibilities."  They  were  using  two  presses,  so 
under  union  rules  the  pressman  was  doing  no  work 
other  than  supervision  of  the  pressroom,  which  rule 
prevails  when  no  more  than  one  press  is  working. 
I  ordered  one  press  cut  off,  which  put  the  pressman 
back  on  the  job  in  active  work,  and  by  re-arranging 
the  editions,  moving  up  the  time  a  little,  we  succeeded 
in  getting  out  on  time  and  handling  the  entire  output 
with  one  press.  Before  the  day  was  over,  I  had  two 
thousand  dollars  per  week  sliced  from  the  expenses 
and  the  paper  was  within  its  income.  The  result  was  that 
from  a  ten  thousand  dollars  loss  in  February  we  turned 
in  a  profit  of  thirty-seven  hundred  in  March.  The  paper 
was  carried  to  the  following  June  without  any  money 


UNIVERSITY  OF  NOTRE  DAME 


13 


being  advanced.  When  the  creditors  were  shown  that 
the  property  was  within  its  income,  we  had  little  trouble 
in  having  them  accept  six  months  notes  amounting  to 
over  fifty  thousand  dollars.  The  paper  was  sold  last 
fall  and  is  now  a  live,  wide-awake,  hustling  newspaper 
with  forty  thousand  circulation.  This  is  one  experience 
which  will  show  you  that  there  is  no  such  a  word  as 
“fail.”  Never  get  discouraged,  never  get  “blue”, 
never  give  up  and  above  all,  never  worry.  The  time 
when  everything  seems  to  be  breaking  against  you 
is  the  time  you  will  need  all  of  your  energy^  and  pluck 
to  bring  out  what  there  is  in  you.  As  you  travel  through 
life  you  will  not  find  the  going  all  to  your  liking. 
You  will  find  that  the  successful  man  is  always  on  the 
job.  There  is  a  story  told  of  one  of  our  multi-millionaires 
who  impressed  this  point  upon  his  young  son.  He 
engaged  in  a  game  of  checkers  with  the  young  man 
and  when  he  was  not  looking  took  away  some  of  his 
“  men.”  The  young  man  discovered  vrhat  had  been  done 
and  complained  to  his  father.  The  answer  was: 

“  My  boy,  that  is  the  way  the  game  of  business  is 
played.  The  minute  you  turn  your  mind  away  or 
turn  your  head  from  your  business  your  competitor 
comes  along  and  takes  advantage  of  your  oversight. 
A  successful  newspaperman  must  have  brains.  He  is 
put  to  severe  tests  many  times  each  day.  He  must  be 
resourceful  whether  he  is  on  a  paper  which  is  master 
in  its  field,  or  the  little  paper  struggling  for  recognition. 
I  was  connected  with  a  paper  at  one  time  having  fifteen 
thousand  circulation.  Two  other  papers  in  the  field 
claimed  twenty  thousand  each.  I  was  sure  that  our 
paper  had  more  circulation  than  the  other  papers 
that  claimed  more.  So,  not  to  compete  with  them  on 
a  circulation  basis,  we  decided  to  sell  our  space  on  the 
basis  of  results.  In  other  words  we  tried  to  be  honest 


14 


BUIvI^ETIN  of  the 


with  the  advertiser,  but  it  was  a  difficult  undertaking. 

I  remember  one  time  distinctly  that  the  advertiser 
would  not  believe  me  until  I  lied  to  him.  I  was  selling 
advertising  at  the  time.  The  advertiser  wanted  to  know 
our  circulation.  I  told  him  we  were  selling  our  space 
on  the  basis  of  results  obtained  and  had  fixed  our  rates 
accordingly,  and  that  was  why  the  rate  was  higher 
than  the  rates  of  the  papers  claiming  twenty  thousand 
circulation,  and  why  we  made  no  circulation  claim. 
I  told  him  his  request  for  circulation  statement  resulted 
from  force  of  habit  and  that  he  would  not  believe  me 
if  I  told  him.  He  said  he  would.  I  said  our  circulation 
was  ninety  thousand.  He  looked  at  me  in  astonish¬ 
ment,  smiled,  said  “  It’s  usuless  to  try  to  beat  these 
newspaper  fellows”,  and  signed  his  contract  without 
further  discussion.  Of  course  he  knew  I  said  ninety 
thousand  simply  to  make  my  point,  that  he  would  not 
believe  me. 

One  of  the  trying-out  tests  of  newspaper  writers 
desiring  a  position  on  the  New  York  Sun  years  ago 
was  to  send  the  applicant  if  he  was  a  stranger,  seeking 
a  position,  to  write  up  Trinity  steeple.  That  would 
be  the  last  heard  of  him.  But  one  young  man,  a  reporter 
on  the  paper  I  started  with,  went  to  New  York.  He 
called  on  the  Sun  and  received  the  usual  assignment. 
The  young  man’s  article  was  published  and  he  made 
large  salaries  thereafter  as  a  space  writer  on  the 
New  York  papers.  He  surprised  the  editor  with  a 
remarkably  beautiful  descriptive  article,  how  he  looked 
up  the  janitor,  how  he  mounted  the  steeple,  and  what 
he  saw  from  the  steeple.  The  newspapers  of  today 
are  working  more  along  the  lines  of  publishing  all  of 
the  news  that  is  fit  to  print.  They  are  becoming  more 
accurate.  They  are  editing  the  advertising  columns 
and  keeping  them  clean.  They  are  demanding  truthful 


UNIVERSITY  OF  NOTRE  DAME 


15 


statements.  The  growing  tendency  is  for  cleaner 
newspapers.  The  day  of  the  so-called  yellow  papers  is 
past.  The  result  of  all  this  is  a  demand  for  clean,  well 
educated  young  men.  The  great  colleges  have  recog¬ 
nized  this  and  have  established  courses  in  journalism. 
When  I  learned  that  Dr.  Max  Pam  had  endowed  a 
course  of  Journalism  for  Notre  Dame  under  the  leader¬ 
ship  of  the  brilliant  Father  Cavanaugh,  I  made  haste 
to  arrange  for  my  son  and  nephew  to  take  the  course 
and  I  want  to  congratulate  Dr.  Max  Pam  and  Father 
Cavanaugh  for  their  great  success  in  securing  such 
a  splendid  class  of  young  men  to  turn  over  to  us  as 
future  publishers. 

Some  of  the  older  school  of  newspaper  men  have 
been  inclined  to  look  with  suspicion  on  the  new  branch 
of  taught  journalism.  Some  have  been  disposed  to 
deride  the  idea  and  to  claim  that  the  trained  jour¬ 
nalist  comes  only  out  of  the  school  of  hard  knocks  and 
actual  experience.  To  me,  however,  the  teaching  of 
journalism  is  as  logical  as  any  other  educational 
endeavor.  Certain  it  is  that  the  student  can  be  given 
some  fundamental  ideas  of  the  profession.  He  can  be 
grounded  in  the  basic  principles  of  newspaper  work 
and  the  art  of  writing  just  as  effectively  as  he  can  in 
the  principles  of  law  or  medicine  or  engineering.  Had 
the  profession  no  such  scientific  status  it  would  be  a 
reflection  indeed  on  the  illustrious  men  who  have 
given  their  lives  to  it  and  who  have  made  it  the  power 
which  it  is  in  the  affairs  of  the  world.  Of  course  success 
depends  a  good  deal  on  the  individual,  just  as  it  does 
in  all  other  lines  of  human  endeavor.  Some  are  more 
apt,  some  acquire  an  effective  style  which  commends 
their  services  to  a  publisher,  some  take  more  and  more 
from  life  in  their  daily  experiences  achieving  a  finer 
mastery  of  the  profession  than  do  others  who  probably 


i6 


BUIvIyKTlN  THE 


started  on  an  equal  basis.  From  Notre  Dame  to  the 
pinnacle  of  success  in  the  newspaper  profession  is  a  long 
journey,  but  the  rewards  are  great.  No  other  profession 
is  so  fraught  with  human  interest,  no  other  profession 
takes  such  a  fascinating  hold  upon  its  members,  and 
assuredly  no  other  profession  compares  with  it  as  a 
mentor  on  the  advance  of  civilization.  The  power  of 
the  press  has  been  discussed  by  men  more  able  than 
myself.  Here  it  is  sufficient  to  say  that  journalism 
offers  a  fair  field  with  no  favors,  that  hard  work  is  the 
portal  to  its  success  as  a  life  work,  and  that  if  Notre 
Dame  adds  to  the  profession  such  competent  men  as 
she  has  given  to  other  vocations  the  public’s  debt 
to  her  will  be  great  indeed. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  NOTRE  DAME 


17 


Journalism  and  the  Colleges. 

By  C.  N.  Fassett. 

Of  the  South  Bend  News-Times. 


The  story  has  been  so  completely  told  from  the 
side  of  experience  that  it  is  hardly  necessary  to 
issue  another  edition :  but  I  want  to  make  over 
one  form  to  express  my  appreciation  of  the  privilege 
granted  me  this  evening  of  being  placed  in  personal 
association  with  a  new  era  in  journalism,  an  era  which 
promises  much  for  the  elevation  of  the  standards  of 
the  vocation  I  have  followed  for  forty  years  and  which 
I  love  for  the  motives  that  actuate  it  and  for  the  oppor¬ 
tunities  it  gives.  To  you  it  may  seem  that  my  forty 
years  of  experience  give  me  a  great  advantage  over  you, 
and  in  a  qualified  sense  they  do;  but  they  are  only 
comparatively  what  they  seem,  and  perhaps  no  more 
significant  to  me  than  the  opportunity  that  has  been 
made  possible  for  you  by  the  co-operation  of  Dr.  Pam 
and  the  University  of  Notre  Dame.  I  have  gained  the 
experience  which  in  a  degree  you  must  have  to  give 
you  the  efficiency  that  brings  success,  and  you  are 
acquiring  the  theory  which  I  so  sadly  lacked  in  my. 
earlier  years  at  the  newspaper  desk  and  which  can  never 
be  so  fully  deduced  from  experience  as  not  to  leave 
something  lacking.  When  the  two  are  united  in  one 
person  with  the  adaptability  which  makes  a  man 
fit  into  his  calling  as  the  hand  fits  into  the  glove,  and 


i8 


BUI.I.ETIN  OF  THE 


be  allied  with  the  ambition  and  industry  essential  to 
the  successful  pursuit  of  any  calling,  then  will  we 
have  the  perfect  product,  as  perfect  as  it  is  possible  for 
a  human  product  to  be.  As  a  graduate  of  the  school 
of  hard  knocks  possibly  I  appreciate  the  importance 
of  this  union  more  keenly  than  you  do,  and  perhaps 
I  realize  a  little  more  fully  than  you  the  value  of  the 
opportunity  laid  before  you.  And  yet,  when  I  look 
about  me  I  see  your  eyes  shining  with  the  eagerness  of 
ambition,  your  faces  flushed  with  the  zealousness  of 
an  earnest  purpose,  and  other  signs  of  an  intelligent 
comprehension  of  the  advantages  you  are  enjoying. 

These  advantages,  however,  do  not  belong  solely 
to  you.  They  are  shared  by  the  great  industry  of  which 
you  aspire  to  become  a  part.  The  resources  of  the 
editorial  and  news  rooms  have  been  and  still  are  too 
scant.  A  popular  superstition  has  grown  up  that 
newspaper  men,  as  they  still  prefer  to  call  themselves, 
are  born,  not  made,  and  that  in  some  inscrutable  way 
they  are  predestined  and  pre-equipped  for  their  work. 
Any  cub  could  shatter  this  superstition  if  he  cared  to, 
but  why  dispel  the  glamor  that  forms  an  atmosphere 
for  the  least  understood  of  all  the  brainy  callings? 

Figuratively  speaking,  the  editorial  room  and  the 
news  room  must  go  into  the  highways  and  byways  for 
their  reinforcements,  and  it  is  a  peculiarity  of  the 
profession,  or  vocation,  as  Father  Cavanaugh  prefers 
to  call  it,  that  many  who  would  not  presume  to  try  to 
force  their  way  into  the  ranks  of  any  of  the  learned 
professions  feel  that  they  have  a  call,  almost  divine, 
to  journalism.  It  is  so  fascinating,  and  it  looks  so  easy. 
But  many  are  called  and  few  are  chosen.  It  is  only 
by  a  tedious  process  of  elimination  that  a  newspaper 
staff  is  organized,  and  then  it  lacks  the  permanency  of 
other  organizations.  That  is  why  I  say  the  advantages 


UNIVERSITY  OT  NOTRE  DAME 


19 


you  are  enjoying  as  members  of  this  class  do  not  belong 
solely  to  you.  They  are  shared  by  the  newspapers  in 
that  to  the  extent  such  schools  as  yours  are  established 
and  properly  conducted  they  will  have  a  source  of  supply 
on  which  to  drain  at  their  need.  And  their  need  is  great, 
for  there  are  few  vocations,  in  which,  in  proportion 
to  the  number  employed,  there  are  so  many  misfits. 

The  schools  are  about  to  do,  however,  what  the  cub 
has  been  deterred  from  by  professional  pride.  They  are 
throwing  open  the  door  of  the  sanctum,  that  inner 
holy  of  holies  where  angels — and  sometimes  rightly — 
fear  to  tread.  They  are  revealing  secrets  that  have  been 
carefully  guarded  from  the  world  since  the  time  of 
Gutenberg.  They  are  making  of  this  mysterious,  almost 
uncanny  calling  a  common,  every-day  vocation.  They 
are  stripping  the  veil  from  the  temple. 

We  should  shudder  at  this,  but  for  some  reason 
we  don’t.  We  should  view  with  alarm  this  encroachment 
upon  the  reserves  of  the  exclusive  land,  but  we  are  not 
taking  that  point  of  view.  If  we  were  true  to  our  tradi¬ 
tions  we  should  resent  the  presumption  that  a  newspaper 
man  can  be  made,  but  to  our  own  surprise  we  feel  no 
resentment.  Something  must  have  happened  to  us. 
We  used  not  to  feel  this  way.  Time  was  when  we 
derided  the  thought  or  possibility  of  any  sufficient 
preparation  for  newspaper  work  outside  of  the  college 
of  hard  knocks.  What  has  happened  is  this.  We  have 
changed  our  minds  and  conditions  have  changed.  The 
demands  upon  the  newspaper  have  increased.  The  call 
is  for  greater  efficiency,  and  to  meet  it  the  newspaper 
must  have  more  dependable  resources.  The  process 
of  picking  from  the  masses  and  trying  for  adaptability 
and  competency,  though  it  has  produced  marvelous 
results,  is  too  slow  and  uncertain  for  the  period.  The 
choice  and  preparation  must  be  anticipated.  The  news- 


20 


BUI.I.ETIN  OF  THE 


paper  is  looking  for  dressed  material  and  the  resources 
of  the  schools  will  be  taxed  to  supply  it. 

You  members  of  the  class  are  getting  your  ground¬ 
work.  You  are  laying  the  foundation  of  equipment  and 
efficiency.  It  is  so  broad  in  its  scope  that  when  you  come 
to  take  your  place  at  the  editorial  desk  and  taste  its 
rewards  and  punishments  and  find  it  uncongenial  your 
time  has  not  been  wasted.  Preparation  for  newspaper 
work  will  be  found  useful  and  applicable  in  almost 
any  other  line  of  endeavor.  You  have  a  foundation 
broad  enough  and  deep  enough  to  build  upon  it  the 
superstructure  that  will  please  you  best. 

Journalism  is  a  calling  that  asks  for  the  best  in  man¬ 
kind  and  womankind  as  well  as  in  mental  preparation 
and  physical  equipment.  It  calls  for  the  highest  reaches 
in  character  and  conscience.  The  medium  through 
which  it  works  is  as  truly  a  missionary  of  civilization 
and  Christianity  as  the  messenger  sent  to  the  heathen 
in  lands  of  darkness  to  bring  them  to  the  feet  of  Jesus 
Christ.  There  is  no  class  of  workers  in  the  world  that 
works  less  for  the  dollar  that  is  in  it  or  more  for  the  good 
they  can  do  than  the  newspaper  men.  Their  labor  is 
largely  a  labor  of  love.  There  are  yellow  ones  among 
us,  but  they  are  rapidly  disappearing.  The  atmosphere 
of  the  well-regulated  newspaper  office  is  too  rare  for 
them  to  breathe.  We  are  purifying  ourselves  and 
striving  to  lift  the  world  to  higher  levels. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  NOTRE  DAME 


21 


Our  Future. 


By  Harry  E.  Scott. 
Freshman  in  the  School  of  Journalism. 


LTHOUGH  this  has  been  our  first  year,  it  has 


indeed  been  a  bright  first  year,  one  in  which 


^  we  have  accomplished  things,  one  in  which  every 
man  has  eagerly  taken  advantage  of  the  opportunities 
so  lavishly  offered  at  Notre  Dame  for  the  demonstra¬ 
tion  of  ability.  We  are  the  nucleus  of  a  new  college 
of  America’s  greatest  Catholic  University,  and  it  is  a 
matter  for  congratulation  that  there  has  been  mani¬ 
fested  in  our  associations  this  year  the  fellowship,  the 
character,  the  stuff  that  goes  into  the  making  of  suc¬ 
cessful  journalists.  But  while  it  is  well  enough  to  dwell 
on  the  past  and  the  present,  it  is  better  to  give  thought 
to  the  future,  so  that,  always  having  in  mind  that  future 
and  its  duties  and  responsibilities,  we  may  build  up 
character  and  store  away  knowledge  in  preparation 
for  glorious  fulfilment  of  our  own  hopes  and  the  hopes 
of  our  school. 

We  have  chosen  one  of  the  noblest  professions  in  the 
universe,  one  that  brings  with  it,  indeed,  arduous 
work, — ^but  brings  also  the  satisfying  knowledge  of 
good  accomplished.  It  is  a  profession  calling  more 
than  ever  at  this  time  for  more  than  ordinary  men, 
with  more  than  ordinary  talents  and  virtues.  We 
realize,  of  course,  that  the  college  is  not  a  machine 
which  will  turn  us  out  full-fledged  journalists.  No, 


22 


BUIvI^ETIN  of  the 


on  the  day  of  graduation  we  shall  just  be  starting, 
starting  on  a  path  of  hard  work,  many  obstacles,  and 
fierce  temptations.  Our  business  here  in  college  is  to 
prepare  ourselves  that  we  may  be  able  to  work 
untiringly,  to  overcome  obstacles,  and  to  meet  with 
the  necessary  power  of  resistance  those  temptations. 
The  college  can  only  prepare  us  for  the  battlefield 
of  life. 

There  is  no  spot  in  the  tapestry  of  life  which  is  not 
revealed  to  the  journalist.  He  is  the  recorder  of  the 
world’s  work.  He  sees  both  sides  of  all  life’s  pictures. 
Not  every  newspaper  man  is  a  journalist.  There  are 
requirements  to  be  satisfied  before  the  title  may  justly 
be  claimed,  and  most  important  of  all  is  character, — 
good,  staunch,  loyal,  Christian  character. 

The  three  cardinal  virtues  of  journalism  are  honesty, 
reliability,  and  plain  common-sense.  The  possession 
of  these  is  a  start  on  the  highroad  to  Success,  and  it  is 
for  the  incorporation  of  these  virtues  into  our  character 
that  we  must  each  of  us  labor.  Nowhere  can  we  better 
accomplish  this  than  at  Notre  Dame.  Here  we  labor 
not  only  for  knowledge,  but  for  character.  We  have 
run  the  first  lap  of  our  college  course  with  all  strong 
at  the  finish.  Three  more  laps  lie  yet  before  us.  Tet 
none  give  up  the  race.  Let  us  all  perform  well  our 
present  duties,  constantly  holding  in  mind  the  duties 
of  the  future.  Then  in  the  after  years,  when  we  have 
become  the  editors  of  the  nation’s  great  newspapers 
and  are  watching  another  generation  spring  up  to  take 
our  places,  we  shall  not  only  feel  the  pride  of  being 
sons  of  Notre  Dame,  but  also  the  satisfaction  of  knowing 
that  Old  Notre  Dame  is  glad  to  point  us  out  as  hers 
before  the  world. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  NOTRE  DAME 


23 


The  College  Man  in  Journalism. 


By  Eugene  R.  McBride. 

Freshman  in  the  School  of  Journalism. 

The  establishment  of  so  many  schools  for  the 
teaching  of  journalism  has  brought  forth  much 
criticism  from  the  press.  It  seems  to  be  the 
general  belief  among  newspaper  men  of  the  old  school 
that  journalism  cannot  be  taught  as  law  or  medicine 
is  taught,  but  that  it  is  a  peculiar  occupation  which 
must  be  learned  from  the  bottom  up  as  a  newspaper 
reporter.  This  is  not  wholly  true.  There  are  some  things 
about  newspaper  work  that  cannot  be  taught  in  a  school 
of  course.  No  two  newspapers  are  exactly  alike  in 
general  style  and  make-up.  The  differences,  however, 
are  in  details.  The  principles  of  correct  journalism 
are  teachable  at  the  university,  and  the  college  jour¬ 
nalist  should  be  able  in  a  few  weeks  to  make  any  nec¬ 
essary  adaptations  to  circumstances.  Moreover,  it 
must  be  remembered  that  journalistic  principles  are  not 
the  only  things  the  student  will  learn.  If  he  has  applied 
himself,  he  will  have  acquired  at  the  time  of  graduation 
something  that  the  office-trained  man  often  lacks, — 
ability  to  go  higher.  The  average  reporter,  working 
hard  and  rising  gradually,  comes  finally  to  a  place 
from  which  he  cannot  rise  higher  because  of  lack  of 
education.  The  college  man  who  works  equally  hard 
will  never  come  to  such  a  place,  because  he  will  have 


24 


BUI.I.BTIN  OB  THE 


in  hand  the  key  to  open  the  highest  office  the  pro¬ 
fession  can  offer.  Just  as  easily  as  the  skilled  mechanic 
rises  over  the  unskilled  will  the  trained  journalist 
rise  over  the  untrained. 

Time  was  when  lawyers  were  scarce — that  was  long 
ago,  of  course, — and  law  was  learned  in  the  office  of  a 
practicing  attorney,  just  as  journalism  is  most  often 
learned  today  in  the  newspaper  office.  Now,  however, 
the  self-taught  lawyer  is  practically  extinct,  and  school¬ 
ing  is  required  by  law  for  the  profession.  The  time  is 
not  far  distant  when  the  newspaper  man  will  be  required 
to  measure  up  to  the  same  standards.  The  successful 
newspaper  man  of  the  future  will  be  the  college  gradu¬ 
ate.  It  is  good  to  believe,  so,  at  least.  It  is  pleasing 
to  dream  that  some  one  of  our  number  will  achieve 
undying  fame  in  the  profession,  and  there  is  no  reason 
why  that  dream  should  not  be  worked  into  realization. 
And  if  college  men  are  to  be  the  leaders  in  journalism 
they  should  make  use  of  the  lessons  learned  in  the 
economics  classes,  use  the  greatest  power  on  earth  for 
the  ends  of  true  reform,  raise  the  American  newspaper 
to  heights  of  usefulness  as  yet  undreamed  of,  and  give 
the  press  a  moral  tone  that  will  make  it  worthy  the 
following  of  the  people.  This  is  but  an  ideal,  but  it  is 
not  an  impossible  ideal,  and  upon  us,  therefore,  devolves 
the  responsibility  of  bringing  the  ideal  to  reality. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  NOTRE  DAME 


25 


The  Class. 


By  Hugh  V.  Lacey. 

Freshman  in  the  School  of  Journalism. 

For  the  benefit  of  those  among  you  in  whose 
minds  there  may  still  linger  the  faintest  shadow 
of  a  doubt,  who,  having  eyes,  see  not,  and  hav¬ 
ing  ears  hear,  yet  fail  to  comprehend,  I  take  this  oppor¬ 
tunity  to  call  to  your  attention  a  fact  which  we 
ourselves  hold  to  be  self-evident. 

This  class  has  drawn  unto  itself  men  from  the  whole 
country.  They  have  come  from  as  far  east  as  that  well- 
known  center  of  culture,  Penn  Yan,  from  as  far  west 
as  fair  Portland,  and  from  as  far  south  as  Pat  HarPs 
little  town  which  needs  no  further  eulogy.  We  have 
also  voluntary  exiles  from  Rochester,  Indianapolis, 
Springfield,  and  even  Pittsburgh.  Now,  modest  as  we 
are  we  assert  (the  evidence  is  overwhelming,  so  why 
deny  it?)  that  into  this  class  of  journalists  we  have 
collected  the  very  choicest  of  the  country’s  sons.  We  are 
modest;  but  if  optimism  were  a  grain  of  sand  we’d 
be  the  possessors  of  an  unending  stretch  of  seashore. 
If  confidence — an  abiding  faith  in  ourselves — ^would 
move  mountains,  this  class  would  cause  an  upheaval 
of  the  universe.  And  as  for  enthusiasm  and  energy, 
we  feel  that  we  have  enough  of  that  to  make  all  the  rest 
of  the  energy  and  all  the  rest  of  the  enthusiasm  of  all 
the  rest  of  the  world  appear  as  insignificant  as — well 
Cicero  himself  was  once  at  a  loss  for  words.  Let  us 


26 


BUIvIyETiN  OF  THE 


employ  a  familiar  simile: — ^as  inconsequential  as  the 
lemon  juice  in  circus  lemonade. 

We  need  all  this  optimism,  this  confidence,  this 
enthusiasm,  for  on  us  has  devolved  a  heavy  responsi¬ 
bility.  We  are  the  nucleus  around  which  the  School  of 
Journalism  of  Notre  Dame  University  must  shape 
itself.  We  are  the  pioneers.  Just  now  we  are  about  to 
close  our  freshman  year.  One  fourth  of  our  college 
course  already  lies  behind  us,  but  with  it  has  passed 
by  the  least  of  our  labors.  With  each  successive  year 
will  our  work  become  more  exacting  and  more  stren¬ 
uous,  and  with  each  successive  year  must  it  become 
also  more  meritorious, — ^for  each  coming  September 
will  mark  the  advent  of  a  new  class  whose  members 
will  look  to  us  to  blaze  with  our  achievements  the 
highroad  which  they  are  to  follow,  and  who  will  strive 
to  live  up  to  the  traditions  which  we  shall  leave  behind. 
This,  our  first  year,  has  been  but  an  outlining  of  the 
course,  a  mere  hint  of  what  is  yet  to  be.  But  we  have 
confidence  in  Notre  Dane,  confidence  in  what  she  shall 
give  us,  confidence  in  the  men  who  are  behind  her, 
and  in  those  who  have  pledged  her  their  support. 
This  confidence  is  founded  on  a  firm  base,  and  has 
long  been  justified.  We  have,  most  of  us,  read  the 
Alumni  Number  of  our  Scholastic,  and  noted  therein 
the  loyal  protestations  of  an  affection  that  never  dies 
expressed  by  men  who  were  graduated  from  here  long 
ago,  whose  mettle  has  already  been  tested,  and  who 
have  made  good.  Their  work  and  their  words  form 
our  covenant.  To  her  sons  engaged  in  every  honorable 
occupation  in  life,  from  the  ball-fields  of  the  major 
leagues  to  the  Senate  chambers  of  the  nation  Notre 
Dame  points  with  pride.  But  with  still  greater  pride  do 
these  athletes  and  these  solons  point  back  to  Notre  Dame. 
So  we,  too,  hope  one  day  to  be  enrolled  among  the  sons 


UNIVERSITY  OF  NOTRE  DAME 


27 


of  old  Notre  Dame.  And  when  we  have  at  last  finished 
our  course  here  and  are  gone  out,  amply  prepared  as 
we  know  we  shall  be  to  meet  whatever  demands  may 
be  made  upon  us  in  our  chosen  profession,  and  in  the 
other  vital  affairs  of  life  as  well,  we  ask  no  better  boon 
than  to  be  able  to  say  proudly  that  we  are  the  first 
of  our  kind  to  be  sent  out  from  Notre  Dame,  bearing 
the  stamp  of  her  approval;  and  we  pray  for  nothing 
more  than  that  we  may  so  live  that  Notre  Dame  may 
always  be  honored  in  us  as  her  sons. 


28 


bulletin  of  the 


The  School  at  Notre  Dame. 


By  John  M.  Cooney. 


Cicero  said  that  no  one  but  a  good  man  can  be 
a  good  orator,  and  I  think  the  real  newspaper 
men  present  will  agree  with  me  that  it  is  equally 
true  to  say  that  no  one  but  a  good  man  can  become  a 
good  journalist.  Sometimes  by  the  words,  “a  good 
man,'’  is  meant  a  stout  fellow  whose  fists  are  held  in 
merited  respect;  sometimes  is  meant  one  whose  mental 
power  and  habits  fit  him  to  fill,  say,  any  position  in  a 
great  organization;  sometimes  again  is  meant  one  who 
scrupulously  obeys  his  conscience  in  all  pertaining  to  the 
moral  law.  Under  all  of  these  interpretations,  the  jour¬ 
nalist  must  measure  up  to  the  standard  of  a  “good 
man.”  He  must  be  strong  physically  to  withstand 
the  strain  of  his  most  arduous  occupation;  he  must 
have  a  mind  that  would  make  him  valuable  in  any 
calling,  a  mind  that  is  quick  and  sure  and  compre¬ 
hensive  and  discriminating  and  retentive  and  versatile 
and  impregnated  with  logic;  he  must  be  a  moral  man, 
not  only  in  that  negative  way  in  which  even  many 
weak  men  are  good  simply  because  they  are  not  bad; 
but  he  must  know  the  moral  law,  and  believe  in  it  and 
hold  to  it  and  defend  it  on  all  occasions  and  inculcate 
it  courageously  and  continually. 

A  profession  that  demands  such  qualifications  in 
its  members  is  certainly  one  to  cover  those  members 
with  honor  and  one  well  fitted  to  inspire  with  a  lofty 


UNIVERSITY  OF  NOTRE  DAME 


29 


aim  and  abounding  hope  the  young  men  who  look 
forward  to  the  time  when  they  too  will  win  name  and 
fame  in  its  justly  distinguished  ranks.  The  various 
State  Press  associations  would  make  better  State 
legislatures  than  any  such  bodies  j^lected  within  the 
last  half  century,  and  both  houses  of  our  national 
Congress  would  be  improved  by  having  in  their  member¬ 
ship  a  larger  proportion  of  newspaper  men.  President 
Wilson,  who  seems  remarkably  free  from  the  trammels 
of  partisanship,  is  wisely  recruiting  our  diplomatic 
service  largely  from  the  ranks  of  publicists  and 
writers. 

But  it  is  not  the  glories  and  rewards  of  journalism 
that  require  thought  of  those  whose  'hats  are  in  the 
ring’  already,  nor  is  the  question  up,  whether  a  course 
of  journalism  at  college  will  equip  one  for  a  fuller 
measure  of  success  in  the  profession  than  otherwise 
obtainable :  the  pertinent  question  is,  how  shall  we  derive 
from  such  course  the  benefits  we  seek;  and  the  answer 
to  that  question  will  at  once  satisfy  skeptics  as  to  the 
value  of  this  course  of  study,  and  will  throw  even  for 
us  such  light  upon  the  field  as  will  make  us  gather 
intelligently  its  choisest  fruits.  How  then  will  a  college 
course  improve  our  chances  of  success?  Let  us  try 
to  find  an  answer  to  this  question. 

Obviously,  if  the  School  of  Journalism  is  to  give 
the  same  training  as  the  newspapers  have  been  giving, 
and  to  give  this  training  in  the  same  way  as  the  news¬ 
papers  have  been  giving  it,  then  there  is  little  reason 
for  the  establishment  of  such  schools.  I  say  little  reason, 
for  still  there  would  be  some  reason,  as  such  schools 
would  afford  the  newspapers  a  supply  of  trained  men, 
and,  as  we  know,  the  modern  newspaper  wants  trained 
men:  it  is  too  busy  an  institution  to  engage  willingly 
in  training  up  its  own  employes.  Of  course,  the  school 


30 


BUI.IvKTIN  of  the 


training  cannot  produce  a  completely  equipped,  practical 
newspaper  man  just  as  all  the  drilling  and  maneuvering 
in  the  world  cannot  make  the  veteran: — it  takes  the 
singeing  flame  of  battle  to  do  that.  Nevertheless,  who 
shall  say  that  the  preliminary  training  of  the  soldier  is 
without  value?  The  contrast  between  our  regular  army 
men  and  our  militia  is  a  contrast  between  ample  training 
and  deficient  training.  A  similar  contrast  is  found 
in  every  field  between  the  trained  and  the  untrained — 
in  the  professions,  in  business,  in  manufacture,  even 
in  sports. 

We  may  note,  too,  that  the  full  preparation  of  the 
soldier  is  made  by  training  and  equipment.  The  first 
is  concerned  with  his  health,  his  strength,  his  power 
of  endurance,  his  tactical  skill,  his  obedience,  his  loyalty^ 
his  '  esprit  de  corps ' ;  the  latter  embraces  his  suitable 
clothing,  accoutrement,  weapons,  rations  and  the  like; 
and,  whilst  both  training  and  equipment  are  necessary, 
it  is  readily  to  be  seen  that  training  is  the  more  impor¬ 
tant;  for,  whilst  the  trained  soldier  may  be  equipped 
by  a  competent  government  in  a  day,  to  convert  the 
best  equipped  raw  recruit  into  a  trained  soldier 
requires  many  a  day  indeed.  Now,  similarly,  in  the 
education  of  a  journalist,  we  have  again  training  and 
equipment,  which  latter  is  the  special  knowledge 
required,  some  of  which  is  distinctly  technical,  and 
of  these  two  we  hold  at  Notre  Dame  that  training 
is  the  more  important.  The  trained  mind  quickly 
acquires  technical  knowledge,  but  technical  knowledge 
cannot  be  depended  upon  to  train  the  mind.  A  general 
principle  will  cover  a  number  of  particular  cases;  it 
is  better  to  know  it  than  any  one  case  coming  under 
it,  and  it  is  learned  more  quickly  than  can  be  all  of 
these  cases  together.  A  trained  athlete  who  can  clear 
twenty  feet  in  a  broad  jump  can  leap  equally  well 


UNIVERSITY  OF  NOTRE  DAME 


31 


over  a  wet  spot  in  the  road  or  over  a  stream  or  over 
a  yawning  chasm  if  within  his  limit,  and  it  is  by  no 
means  necessary  to  train  him  from  the  beginning  in  the 
practical,  if  dangerous  work,  of  leaping  chasms  of 
twenty  feet.  This  is  not  to  despise  technical  know¬ 
ledge, — not  at  all:  and  much  of  it  can  be  acquired 
even  in  school  by  study  and  practice,  and  we  try  to 
gain  all  of  it  we  can  with  true  economy  of  our  time 
and  efforts :  but  we  try  hardest  of  all  to  do  those  things 
which  must  be  done,  and  which  can  be  done  only  with 
the  greatest  difficulty  when  once  we  are  taken  up  in 
the  rush  of  newspaper  work, — if  indeed  we  can  count 
upon  the  time  and  the  opportunity  to  do  them  then  at 
all. 

Now,  of  course  we  are  not  thinking  here  only  of 
knowledge.  Even  you  Freshmen  do  not  think  you  will 
know  more  after  four  years  in  College  than  a  veteran 
after  forty  years  in  a  newspaper  office.  And  still  you 
ought  to  know  more  that  will  be  useful  after  four 
years  in  College  than  you  should  have  known  after  four 
years  even  in  a  new^spaper  office.  True,  your  knowledge 
may  be  more  theoretical,  but  it  will  be  wider  and  deeper 
and  more  varied  and  better  selected  and  better  sys¬ 
tematized,  and  will  be  readily  made  practical  with 
industry  and  good  will  on  your  part.  No,  it  is  not 
from  the  professional  knowledge  you  will  acquire  in 
College  that  you  expect  later  to  profit  most, — though 
I  repeat,  the  more  of  such  knowledge  you  acquire 
economically  the  better  for  you, — ^but  it  is  from  what 
I  have  been  calling  ‘training.’ 

And  now  I  shall  put  off  for  still  another  moment 
the  consideration  of  what  that  training  is,  to  remark 
that  it  is  only  once  in  life  that  it  can  be  had,  and  that 
for  us  that  time  is  the  present;  and  one  quarter  of 
our  opportunity  has  already  passed  from  us  forever. 


32 


BUI.I.ETIN  OF  THE 


There  is  a  homely  adage  that  we  cannot  ‘teach  the  old 
horse  new  tricks’,  and  Scripture,  from  the  opposite 
view,  tells  us  that  ‘as  the  twig  is  bent  so  will  the  tree 
incline’,  and  I  have  had  old  newspaper  men  to  tell  me 
how  grievously  they  suffered  in  their  careers  from  lack 
of  early  training,  and  how  it  was  too  late  for  them  to 
make  good  the  lack  when  they  began  to  realize  and 
deplore  it.  Youth  is  the  time  for  training,  though  it 
may  go  on  with  a  beautiful  symmetry  and  vigor  through 
later  life;  but  unless  begun  in  youth,  I  think  it  only 
a  desperate  hope  that  it  will  ever  be  had. 

But  what,  at  last,  is  this  training?  I  have  been  a 
long  time  coming  to  this  point,  but  now  I  think  I  am 
ready  to  answer  this  question  in  a  few  words  and  let 
you  rest.  Manifestly,  it  is  the  development  of  us 
‘journalists’  into  men  strong  in  body  and  mind  and 
morals,  full  of  right  ambition,  and  unmistakably 
flavored  from  the  journalistic  pepper-box.  Now,  can 
Notre  Dame  give  us  this  training?  It  is  not  to  spur  your 
wearied  minds  to  renewed  attention,  but  only  to  bring 
my  reflections  to  a  speedy  close,  that  I  answer.  No. 
Notre  Dame  can  only  offer.  She  does  offer  generously, 
repeatedly  and  with  a  kindly  solicitude.  She  offers  a 
course,  young  gentlemen, — I  shall  not  quote  from  a 
catalogue  at  a  banquet, — in  which  the  going  is  never 
easy;  a  course  that  requires  constant  effort,  and  renewed 
hope,  and  courage  that  puts  fears  behind.  It  is  a  course 
that  will  make  you  weary  for  rest,  and  you  will  often 
wish  to  turn  from  the  looming  steeps  ahead,  and  you 
will  think  the  efforts  you  have  made  are  fruitless,  and 
your  gaze  will  wander  into  other  fields  till  you  will 
call  yourselves  hard  names  for  having  been  so  foolish 
as  ever  to  have  entered  upon  this  course.  But  all  this 
time  you  are  growing;  your  minds  are  becoming  quicker 
and  surer,  and  more  comprehensive,  more  discriminat- 


UNIVERSITY  OF  NOTRE  DAME 


33 


ing,  more  retentive,  more  versatile  and  more  logical; 
and  you  are  stronger  morally, — clean  in  aim  and  clean 
in  habit  and  fearless  of  pain  and  difficulty  because  the 
overcoming  of  new  difficulties  has  been  your  daily 
occupation. 

But  Notre  Dame,  ‘alma  mater'  though  she  is, 
can  not  make  this  progress  ours;  she  points  the  way, — 
ay,  she  solicitously  leads  the  way, — ^but  the  way  we 
ourselves  must  travel.  But  the  end  repays  us.  As  the 
scout,  who  after  winning  his  way  through  jungles 
and  heat-scorched  plains  and,  after  toiling  laboriously 
up  past  torrents  and  ravines  and  precipices  till  he 
reaches  the  open  mountain  top,  can  sweep  within  his 
view  friend  and  foe  and  all  the  vantages  of  the  lay  of  the 
land,  so  we,  after  our  difficult  progress,  shall  reach  a 
mental  and  moral  height,  a  broader  vision  and  a  purer 
atmosphere.  The  great  newspapers  must  speak  out 
from  a  broad  vision  and  from  a  pure  atmosphere,  and 
the  great  newspapers  will  always  want  men  of  vision 
and  purity, — ^men  of  whose  very  natures  industry, 
honesty,  determination,  mental  quickness  and  strength 
and  adaptability,  and  a  strong  sense  of  duty  and  moral 
responsibility,  have  from  the  habits  and  practice  of 
youth  become  a  very  part.  This  kind  of  men  our  course 
of  Jounalism  at  Notre  Dame  should  make. 

Personally  I  have  every  hope, — and  my  hope  is 
reasonable,  for  I  know  this  first  class  of  Notre  Dame 
‘journalists' — that  not  one  of  them  will  fail.  I  know 
them  to  be,  one  and  all,  clean-minded  and  warm¬ 
hearted,  intelligent  beyond  the  average,  true  to  them¬ 
selves  and  true  to  principle;  and  I  look  for  them,  in 
their  future  success, — which,  young  gentlemen,  your 
elders  here  all  warmly  wish  you, — to  sustain  the  high 
reputation  of  Notre  Dame,  and  to  be  an  honor  to  one  of 
their  teachers,  who  is  particularly  proud  of  them  tonight. 


34 


bulletin  of  the 


The  New  Spirit  and  its  Fruits.* 


Father  CAVANAUGH,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen: 
The  great  State  of  Ohio,  just  emerging,  half 
stunned,  from  the  gravest  disaster  since  the 
Civil  War,  bids  me  to  honor  the  high  cause  of  education 
by  coming  to  this  historic  institution  and  participating 
in  the  function  of  graduation.  Not  only  because  of 
what  this  school  is  doing  for  Ohio  does  she  so  bid  me, 
but  because  its  President  sprang  from  Buckeye  soil. 

You  graduates  of  the  class  of  1913  will  never  know 
the  pride  felt  at  this  moment  by  your  home  folks, 
and  you  can  never  measure  the  deprivations  that  have 
made  the  completion  of  your  course  possible.  In  the 
average  American  institution  today  ninety  percent 
of  the  graduations  come  about  as  the  result  of  a  fight 
against  adverse  circumstances. 

The  truth  is  that  all  things  in  life  worth  while  come 
to  us  only  after  conquering  resistance.  It  is  the  game 
of  life;  and  your  success  will  be  proportioned  to  the 
amount  of  opposition  you  surmount.  The  right  arm 
becomes  hard  and  sinewy  by  hard  use.  The  flying 
machine,  better  than  anything  else  I  know,  typifies 
the  struggle.  You  know  its  principle.  The  great  engine 
turns  the  propeller  blades  which  drive  the  machine 
ahead,  and  yet  if  it  were  not  for  the  resistance  of  the 
air  in  front  it  would  never  rise  from  the  ground.  But 

*  Address  delivered  by  His  Excellency,  James  M.  Cox,  Gov¬ 
ernor  of  the  State  of  Ohio,  at  the  sixty-ninth  Commencement 
of  the  University  of  Notre  Dame,  June  16,  1913. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  NOTRE  DAME 


35 


with  the  application  of  the  power  from  behind  and  the 
resistance  of  the  air  in  front,  the  machine  proudly 
rises  and  rides  to  the  clouds  on  the  winds  of  nature. 

During  the  long  winter  months  you  have  heard 
much  of  the  theories  in  philosophy,  in  law  and  in  econo¬ 
mics;  so  I  want  to  discuss  with  you  tonight  the  practi¬ 
cal  things  of  life — the  responsibilities  of  citizenship. 
No  man  can  expect  to  be  numbered  as  a  citizen  unless 
he  meets  with  bravery  and  the  best  intelligence  within 
him  the  responsibilities  which  citizenship  carries. 

Next  month  at  Gettysburg  the  blue  and  the  gray 
meet  to  extend  the  hand  of  American  brotherhood, 
and  this  recalls  to  us  the  great  crisis  that  was  faced 
by  the  brave  men  of  the  blue  who  repelled  the  charge 
of  Pickett.  Great  as  was  the  responsibility  which  they 
faced,  that  of  the  private  citizen  is  no  less. 

I  should  like  to  see  every  State  adopt  a  law  com¬ 
pelling  the  male  citizens  of  legal  age  to  cast  their  votes 
or  give  sufficient  reason  for  not  doing  so:  otherwise 
they  should  be  penalized  by  having  the  right  of  suffrage 
taken  from  them  for  two  or  three  years.  The  man 
who  does  not  respect  this  God-given  right  in  a  repub¬ 
lican  form  of  government  ought  to  have  it  taken  away 
from  him  until  such  time  as  some  understanding  of 
its  value  comes  to  him. 

The  first  thing  you  will  have  to  overcome  is  the 
tendency  to  proceed  along  the  line  of  the  least  resistance. 
When  we  face  the  sunrise  rather  than  the  sunset  and 
resolve  to  progress  with  the  evolution  of  time,  we  are 
showing  no  irreverence  towards  our  fathers.  The 
truth  is  that  we  are  living  in  a  great  age  and  under 
the  influences  of  a  higher  civilization.  The  vision  is 
from  greater  heights.  Science,  education,  every  process 
and  development  of  nature,  brings  to  us  advantages 
which  our  fathers  knew  not  of.  Life  is  a  relay  race; 


36 


BUI.I.ETIN  OI^  THE 


we  must  take  up  the  burden  with  the  freshness  with 
which  our  fathers  began  it:  otherwise  we  are  going 
backward  and  not  forward. 

The  blessings  of  this  generation  were  contributed 
by  our  fathers  and  by  the  law  of  compensation  the 
future  exacts  from  us  in  behalf  of  the  coming  generation 
as  much  as  we  received  from  the  generation  w^hich  we 
succeeded.  Our  fathers  proceeded  along  different  lines 
from  those  followed  by  their  sires.  Why,  the  very 
accepted  fundamentals  of  justice  have  changed.  The 
fathers  of  our  Constitution  imprisoned  people  for  debt. 
If  a  man  were  unfortunate  in  business  no  consideration 
was  given  to  the  high  elements  of  probity  and  honesty 
which  characterized  his  relations  with  his  fellows. 
If  he  were  unable  to  pay  his  creditors  dollar  for  dollar 
he  was  thrown  into  a  felon’s  cell.  We  don’t  subscribe  to 
that  in  this  day.  There  were  twenty-six  different 
offenses  in  the  thirteen  original  States  punishable  by 
death,  many  of  them  minor  offenses  at  that.  This 
has  been  reduced  now  to  the  crime  of  murder.  The 
property  qualification  was  exacted  before  a  man  could 
vote,  and  no  one  could  hold  office  unless  he  was  possessed 
of  considerable  of  this  world’s  goods.  No  one  could 
be  Governor  of  any  of  the  States  unless  he  w^as  measur¬ 
ably  a  rich  man.  Would  you  return  to  this  old  order 
of  things  and  deprive  the  young  American  of  his  day 
dreams  and  the  ambitions  of  his  vigorous  life,  or  would 
you  continue  to  make  America  the  great  land  of 
opportunity? 

It  was  Ireland’s  opposition  to  wrongs  imposed  that 
made  the  Emerald  Isle  and  its  people  famous.  It  was 
Washington’s  refusal  to  follow  the  easy  course  that 
made  possible  the  successes  of  the  Continental  army 
over  the  British.  Our  forefathers  of  revolutionary 
days  could  more  easily  have  submitted  to  indignities 


UNIVERSITY  OR  NOTRE  DAME 


37 


from  an  insane  King  than  they  could  undertake  a  long 
siege  of  war  and  contest.  They  combatted  the  impulse 
to  proceed  along  the  line  of  the  least  resistance  and  our 
Republic  was  the  result.  Lincoln  could  have  won  the 
Senatorship  from  his  State  by  compromising  with 
principle,  but  his  conscience  was  his  compass  and  it 
led  him  into  the  great  struggle  against  human  slavery. 
The  way  was  hard,  but  his  name  and  fame  are  secure 
and  his  contribution  to  the  ages  cannot  be  measured. 

We  are  creatures  of  habit,  and  it  is  only  the  vigorous 
flow  of  the  blood  in  our  veins  that  pulls  us  out  of  our 
tracks.  The  old  order  of  things  carried  with  it  prefer¬ 
ences  and  privileges  in  conflict  with  the  real  spirit  of 
government,  and  when  correction  has  been  suggested 
the  siren  voice  of  “let  well  enough  alone’'  has  been 
raised.  The  great  so-called  unrest  has  been  brought 
about  by  our  institutions  of  government  not  keeping 
pace  with  the  evolutionary  changes  of  the  times.  The 
poets  tell  us  that  the  stars  and  the  hills  are  changeless, 
but  they  are  not.  Everything  about  us  must  pass 
through  the  changes  and  processes  of  time. 

Man  is  admittedly  the  proudest  product  of  nature. 
Is  it  fair  to  assume  that  if  humanity  and  society  progress 
with  the  lapse  of  time  government,  which  is  de¬ 
vised  purely  for  the  regulation  of  society,  must  not 
keep  pace?  The  causes  of  the  unrest  are  so  well  marked 
as  to  be  easily  analyzed.  Legislation  has  been  too 
impersonal.  The  institutions  of  government  have  not 
been  brought  down  closely  enough  to  the  homely  activ¬ 
ities  of  the  community,  and  when  it  has  been  sought  to 
write  a  larger  measure  of  humanity  into  our  laws  and 
put  into  the  fabric  the  golden  thread  of  human  kind¬ 
ness,  some  selfish  interests  presented  alleged  constitu¬ 
tional  objections. 

In  Congress  when  we  sought  to  pass  the  Children’s 


38 


BULIvETIN  of  the 


Bureau  Bill,  a  simple  device  to  collaborate  all  informa¬ 
tion  and  statistics  with  reference  to  the  child  life  of 
the  Nation,  protest  was  made  on  the  ground  that  the 
right  did  not  inhere  in  Congress  to  pass  such  a  law.  We 
spend  millions  of  dollars  to  protect  the  animals  on  the 
farm.  There  has  been  no  constitutional  objection 
raised  to  that.  But  the  plea  is  that  it  is  unconstitutional 
to  protect  the  child. 

Industrial  peace  has  been  delayed  by  the  con¬ 
tinued  application  of  the  principles  of  common  law 
with  respect  to  personal  injury  cases.  The  problems 
of  industrialism  are  many,  not  the  least  of  which  is 
that  of  distributing  in  an  equitable  way  the  burden 
of  industrial  accidents  and  tragedies.  The  products 
of  our  great  mines  and  factories  are  necessary  to  civiliza¬ 
tion.  Society  is  the  beneficiary.  No  man  can  live  alone. 
He  is  dependent  in  a  considerable  degree  upon  his 
fellows.  Many  occupations  are  dangerous,  but  they  are 
necessary.  Under  the  old  order  of  things  the  burdens 
of  disasters  resulting  from  mishaps  have  fallen  upon 
the  shoulders  of  those  who  faced  the  hazard.  The 
new  order  of  things  directs  that  society,  the  real  bene¬ 
ficiary,  must  accept  the  burden  and  share  it. 

A  locomotive  engineer  was  killed  in  a  wreck  caused 
by  the  carelessness  of  a  telegraph  operator  a  hundred 
miles  away.  The  suit  brought  by  his  widow  came  to 
the  court  of  last  resort  and  the  decree  was  that  there 
could  be  no  legal  compensation  because  the  husband 
and  father  came  to  his  death  by  the  carelessness  of  a 
fellow  servant.  The  new  order  of  things  suggests  that 
compensation  be  paid,  and  without  delay. 

A  man  may  have  been  injured  in  a  factory  because 
of  no  carelessness  whatsoever  on  his  part.  He  lost  an 
arm  or  a  leg.  The  employer  was  insured  by  a  liability 
company,  which  either  compelled  a  compromise  under 


UNIVERSITY  OF  NOTRE  DAME 


39 


the  stress  of  starvation,  or  maintained  the  unequal 
contest  as  between  the  weak  and  the  strong.  The  court 
of  last  resort  held  that  the  workman  assumed  the  risk 
and  was  entitled  to  no  compensation.  The  new  order 
of  things  directs  that  compensation  must  be  paid.  The 
workmen’s  compensation  law  is  the  greatest  piece  of 
constructive  legislation  of  the  age.  It  puts  a  stop  to 
the  conflict  in  the  courts  as  between  men  who  work  and 
their  employers.  The  manufacturer  will  not  pay  the 
compensation  in  the  final  analysis.  It  will  be  levied 
upon  the  product  and  transferred  to  consumption, 
which  means  that  society  carries  the  burden,  and  that 
is  proper. 

Prison  reform,  which  keeps  men  at  work  on  prison 
farms  rather  than  penning  them  up  in  the  idle  house, 
accomplishes  two  things:  it  reduces  the  expense  to 
the  State  to  maintain  them  in  the  idle  house;  and  it 
enables  the  State  to  give  to  the  unfortunate  credit  for 
their  day’s  hire  during  good  behaviour,  and,  after  de¬ 
ducting  the  cost  of  his  keep,  to  send  home  to  the  wives 
and  children  the  profit. 

New  laws  have  given  added  reverence  to  the 
institution  of  motherhood.  No  public  institution 
generates  the  same  healthful  atmosphere  in  which  to 
rear  the  child  as  we  find  in  the  humble  home.  There 
is  an  economy  in  transferring  the  cost  of  conducting 
these  institutions  to  the  home  by  giving  a  little  help 
to  the  dependent  mother.  The  whole  tendency  has 
the  primary  objective  of  reducing  the  human  shipwrecks 
in  the  next  generation. 

The  old  order  may  regard  the  humanitarian  legis¬ 
lation,  so-called,  as  something  which  does  not  legiti¬ 
mately  come  within  the  purview  of  government.  I  am 
firmly  of  the  belief  that  it  is  the  highest  function  of 
government. 


40 


BUIvIyBTlN  OF  THE 


Sixty-Ninth  Annual  Commencement. 


Degrees  and  Awards. 

The  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws  was  conferred : 
On  a  distinguished  statesman  who  served  his  country 
brilliantly  for  thirty-two  years  in  the  National  Con¬ 
gress,  whose  public  record  has  been  as  free  from  taint 
as  it  is  rich  in  great  accomplishment,  the  Honorable 
Julius  Caesar  Burrows,  of  Kalamazoo,  Michigan. 

On  an  educator  whose  high  faculty  it  is  to  win 
hearts  as  well  as  to  train  minds,  who  unites  the  severely 
scientific  spirit  with  the  most  Christ-like  compassion 
and  sympathy,  v/hose  devotion  to  Christian  education 
is  as  unwavering  as  his  achievements  are  honorable, 
the  Rev.  William  Joseph  Kerby  of  Washington,  D.  C. 

On  the  Chief  Executive  of  a  great  State  whose 
career  has  brought  as  much  honor  to  himself  as  it 
has  worked  advantage  to  the  nation,  the  Honorable 
James  M.  Cox,  Governor  of  the  State  of  Ohio. 

The  Degree  of  Doctor  of  Philosophy  in  Course  was 
conferred  on  Jose  Angel  Caparo,  C.  E.,  M.  C.  E.,  E.  E., 
M.  S.,  in  Math.,  Sc.  D.,  of  Peru,  South  America. 
Thesis:  The  Theory  of  the  Geometry  of  Hyperspace 
as  Applied  to  a  Space  of  Four  Dimensions  and  the 
Derivations  of  the  Fundamental  Magnitudes  of  a 
Quadruply  Orthogonol  System.*' 

The  Degree  of  Master  of  Science  in  Course  was  con¬ 
ferred  on  Regidius  Marion  Kaczmarek,  Laporte,  Ind. 
Thesis:  “A  System  of  Plant  Morphology.*’ 


UNIVERSITY  OE  NOTRE  DAME 


41 


The  Degree  of  Master  of  Mechanical  Engineering  was 
conferred  on  William  Logan  Benitz,  M.  B.  E.  E. 

The  Degree  of  Master  of  Laws  was  conferred  on 
Patrick  Henry  Cunning,  Pittsburgh,  Pennsylvaaia. 
Thesis:  “Patents/'  ^ 

The  Degree  of  Bachelor  of  Arts  was  conferred  on: 
Richard  Vincent  Blake,  Hartford,  Connecticut;  William 
Joseph  Burke,  Chicago,  Illinois;  Walter  Henry  Coffeen, 
South  Bend,  Indiana;  Bernard  Jacob  Durch,  Chippewa 
Falls,  Wisconsin;  Francis  Joseph  Dillon,  Butler, 
Pennsylvania;  Erich  Hans  de  Fries,  Davenport,  Iowa; 
John  Charles  Kelley,  Anderson,  Indiana. 

The  Degree  of  Bachelor  of  Letters  was  conferred  on: 
John  Thomas  Burns,  Kalamazoo,  Michigan;  Francis 
Jerome  Breslin,  Los  Angeles,  California;  Joseph  Allan 
Heiser,  South  Bend,  Indiana;  Edward  Andrew  Roach, 
Muscatine,  Iowa;  Raymond  Joseph  Sieber,  Racine, 
Wisconsin;  Francis  Curtis  Stanford,  Independence, 
Kansas;  James  Joseph  Stack,  Springfield,  Illinois. 

The  Degree  of  Bachelor  of  Philosophy  was  con¬ 
ferred  on:  Paul  Ryan  Byrne,  Chittenango,  New  York; 
Jesse  James  Herr,  Chatsworth,  Illinois;  Louis  John 
Kiley,  Rochester,  New  York;  Thomas  Francis  O'Neil, 
Akron  Ohio;  Simon  Ercile  Twining,  Bowling  Green, 
Ohio. 

The  Degree  of  Bachelor  of  Science  in  Biology  was 
conferred  on:  William  Joseph  Corcoran,  Portland, 
Oregon. 

The  Degree  of  Bachelor  of  Science  in  Chemistry 
was  conferred  on:  August  Herbert  Boldt,  Elgin, 
Illinois. 

The  Degree  of  Bachelor  of  Science  in  Architecture 
was  conferred  on:  William  Reuben  Tipton,  East 
Las  Vegas,  New  Mexico;  Frederick  Williams,  Wadena, 
Indiana. 


42 


BULIvETIN  of  the 


The  Degree  of  Bachelor  of  Science  in  Architectural 
Engineering  was  conferred  on:  Ernest  John  Baader, 
Chillicothe,  Ohio. 

The  Degree  of  Civil  Engineer  was  conferred  on : 
Harry  John  Kirk,  Defiance,  Ohio;  Charles  William 
Lahey,  Mattoon,  Illinois;  James  Francis  O’Brien, 
Fairbury,  Illinois;  Augustin  Gonzalez  Saravia,  Durango, 
Mexico;  Leo  Alfred  Sturn,  Monroe,  Michigan;  James 
Wasson,  Chicago,  Illinois. 

The  Degree  of  Mechanical  Engineer  was  conferred  on : 
Manuel  Fernando  Arias,  Havana,  Cuba;  Clyde  Eloi 
Broussard,  Beaumont,  Texas;  Jose  Angel  Caparo, 
Cusco,  Peru;  Warren  Ray  Cartier,  Ludington,  Michigan; 
Antonio  Lequerica,  Cartagena,  Colombia,  S.  America; 
Thomas  Francis  Maguire,  Fowler,  Indiana;  Alvaro 
Rodriguez  San  Pedro,  Consolacion  del  Sur,  Cuba. 

The  Degree  of  Chemical  Engineer  was  conferred  on 
Manuel  Lequerica,  Cartagena,  Colombia,  S.  America. 

The  Degree  of  Electrical  Engineer  was  conferred 
on:  Manuel  Fernando  Arias,  Havana,  Cuba;  James 
Ryan  Devitt,  Cleveland,  Ohio;  Thomas  Aloysius 
Furlong,  Chicago,  Illinois;  William  Neil  Hogan, 
Crafton,  Pennyslvania;  John  William  O’Connell,  Elgin, 
Illinois;  Antonio  Aldrete  Rivas,  Jalisco,  Mexico; 
John  Alfred  Sawkins,  Toledo,  Ohio;  Frederick  Louis 
Truscott,  Glasgow,  Montana. 

The  Degree  of  Bachelor  of  Laws  was  conferred  on: 
Jacob  Vivian  Birder,  Park  River,  North  Dakota; 
Aristo  Cornelius  Brizzolara,  Little  Rock,  Arkansas; 
Charles  Francis  Crowley,  Cambridge,  Massachussets ; 
Edward  Partick  Cleary,  Momence,  Illinois;  William 
Edward  Cotter,  Chicago,  Illinois;  Francis  William 
Durbin,  Kenton,  Ohio;  Michael  Augustine  Dougherty, 
Lancaster,  Ohio;  Clyde  J.  Dennis,  Kalamazoo,  Michigan; 
William  Joseph  Granfield,  Springfield,  Massachussets; 


UNIVERSITY  OE  NOTRE  DAME 


43 


Frederic  Matthew  Gilbough,  Galveston,  Texas; 
William  Joseph  Hicks,  Spring  Valley,  Illinois;  LeGrande 
Anderson  Hammond,  Decatur,  Michigan;  Cornelius 
Byron  Hayes,  Fort  Wayne,  Indiana;  Floyd  Ottowell 
Jellison,  South  Bend,  Indiana;  Henry  John  Kuhle, 
Salem,  South  Dakota;  Stephen  John  Morgan,  Chicago, 
Illinois;  William  Joseph  Milroy,  Chatsworth,  Illinois; 
Peter  John  Meersman,  Moline,  Illinois;  Thomas  Aloysius 
McGovern,  Whittemore,  Iowa;  Daniel  Vincent 
McGinnis,  Slater,  Missouri;  Reuben  Patrick  Noud, 
Manistee,  Michigan;  James  William  O’Hara,  Cincin¬ 
nati,  Ohio;  Terence  James  O’Neil,  Waterbury,  Con¬ 
necticut;  John  Francis  O’Connell,  Chicago,  Illinois; 
Francis  Maurice  O’Hearn,  Slater,  Missouri;  Vincent 
DePaul  Ryan,  Bay  City,  Michigan;  Clarence  Charles 
Stueckle,  South  Bend,  Indiana;  Basil  Joseph  Soisson, 
Connells ville,  Pennsylvania;  Leo  Albert  Schumacher, 
South  Bend,  Indiana;  Samuel  Paul  Schwartz,  Misha¬ 
waka,  Indiana;  Fernando  Hector  Usera,  Ponce,  Porto 
Rico. 

The  Degree  of  Pharmaceutical  Chemist  was  con¬ 
ferred  on:  Bronislaus  Joseph  Janowski,  South  Bend, 
Indiana;  Regidius  Marion  Kaczmarek,  Laporte, 
Indiana. 

The  Degree  of  Graduate  in  Pharmacy  was  conferred 
on:  Edward  John  Fasenmeyer,  New  Bethlehem, 

Pennsylvania;  John  Orley  Foote,  Salem,  South  Dakota; 
Harry  Bernard  Tierney,  Broken  Bow,  Nebraska; 
Carl  Edward  Wilmes,  Grand  Rapids,  Michigan;  James 
Michael  Ware,  Kewana,  Indiana. 

Certificates  for  the  Short  Program  in  Electrical 
Engineering  were  conferred  on:  Manuel  Gurza,  Jr., 
Guadalajara,  Mexico;  Joseph  Redmond  O’Hanlon, 
Sherman,  Texas;  Francis  Louis  Wentland,  SouthjBend, 


44 


BUIvIvETIN  oe  the 


Indiana;  Walter  Sydney  Yund,  Helena,  Montana; 
Ramon  Garcia  Rubio,  Santi  Spiritus,  Cuba. 

Certificates  for  the  Short  Program  in  Mechanical 
Engineering  were  conferred  on:  Edwin  Joseph  Harvat^ 
Livingston,  Montana;  Leon  Joseph  Soisson,  Norwalk, 
Ohio;  Walter  Sydney  Yund,  Helena,  Montana;  Luis 
Fernando  Sotomayor,  Cuahutemos,  Pochuca,  Mexico ; 
Charles  Amador  Gonzalez,  Huanuco,  Peru,  South 
America. 

The  Quan  Gold  Medal,  presented  by  the  late  William 
J.  Quan,  of  Chicago,  for  the  student  having  the  best 
record  in  the  Classical  Program,  Senior  Year,  and  a 
money  prize  of  twenty-five  dollars,  gift  of  Mr.  Henry 
Quan  in  memory  of  his  deceased  father,  was  awarded 
to  William  Joseph  Burke,  Chicago,  Illinois. 

The  Martin  J.  McCue  Gold  Medal,  presented  by 
Mr.  Warren  A.  Cartier,  Civil  Engineer,  of  the  class 
of  '77,  for  the  best  record  for  four  years  in  the  Civil 
Engineering  program,  was  awarded  to  Augustin 
Gonzalez  Sara  via,  Durango,  Mexico. 

The  Breen  Gold  Medal  for  Oratory,  presented  by 
the  Honorable  William  P.  Breen,  of  the  class  of  ’77,, 
was  awarded  to  Simon  Ercile  Twining,  Bowling  Green, 
Ohio. 

The  Barry  Elocution  Gold  Medal,  presented  by 
Honorable  P.  T.  Barry,  of  Chicago,  was  awarded  to 
John  Felix  Hynes,  Albia,  Iowa. 

The  Meehan  Gold  Medal,  the  gift  of  Mrs.  Eleanor 
Meehan,  of  Covington,  Kentucky,  for  the  best  essay  in 
English  (Senior),  was  awarded  to  Simon  Ercile  Twining, 
Bowling,  Green,  Ohio. 

Seventy-five  Dollars  for  Debating  work  was  awarded 
as  follows:  Thirty  dollars  to  William  Joseph  Milroy, 
Chatsworth,  Illinois.  Twenty-five  dollars  to  Simon 
Ercile  Twining,  Bowling  Green,  Ohio.  Ten  dollars 


UNIVERSITY  OF  NOTRE  DAME 


45 


to  Peter  John  Meersman,  Moline  Illinois.  Ten  dollars 
to  James  Joseph  Stack,  Springfield,  Illinois. 

Ten  Dollars  in  Gold  for  Junior  Oratory,  presented 
by  Mr.  James  V.  O’Donnell,  of  the  class  of  ’89,  was 
awarded  to  Alfred  John  Brown,  Portland,  Oregon. 

Ten  Dollars  in  Gold  for  Sophomore  Oratory,  pre-, 
sented  by  Mr.  John  S.  Hummer,  of  the  class  of  ’91, 
was  awarded  to  George  Peter  Schuster,  Tancaster, 
Wisconsin. 

Ten  Dollars  in  Gold  for  Freshman  Oratory,  pre¬ 
sented  by  Mr.  Hugh  O’Neil,  of  the  class  of  91’,  was 
awarded  to  Jeremiah  Patrick  "Haggerty,  Boston, 
Massachussets. 


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